Ever opened your refrigerator only to find a sad, wilted kale bouquet or berries that turned into mush overnight? You’re not alone. Most of us have tossed perfectly good produce simply because our crisper drawers weren’t living up to their name. The truth is, standard fridge drawers often fail at their core job: preserving freshness. Without proper airflow, moisture control, or organization, fruits and veggies lose nutrients, texture, and flavor faster than you can say “food waste.” But what if you could transform that overlooked compartment into a freshness powerhouse? Crisper drawer inserts aren’t just accessories—they’re game-changers for anyone committed to healthy cooking and reducing waste.
Imagine pulling out crisp lettuce for salads two weeks after buying it, or discovering your carrots still snap like they just left the farm. That’s the promise of well-chosen crisper drawer inserts. They work with your fridge’s existing humidity controls (or compensate when those fall short) to create micro-environments tailored to different produce types. No more guessing whether to leave the slider open or closed—strategic inserts take the guesswork out of preservation. For health-focused households, this means more nutrient-dense meals, fewer grocery trips, and the quiet satisfaction of knowing your spinach won’t betray you mid-smoothie. Let’s dig into how to pick the right system for your kitchen habits and fridge setup.
Top 10 Crisper Drawer Inserts for Healthy Cooking
Detailed Product Reviews
1. OXO Good Grips Produce Saver Crisper Drawer Insert - 2 Pc
Overview: This 2-piece set offers a practical solution for extending produce freshness in standard refrigerator crisper drawers. Designed to combat spoilage, it integrates directly into existing drawer spaces without complex installation.
What Makes It Stand Out: Dual crisper inserts paired with enhanced carbon filters actively absorb ethylene gas—the natural compound accelerating ripening and decay. The simple drop-in design immediately boosts storage capacity while targeting food waste reduction, a standout eco-conscious feature.
Value for Money: Priced moderately for a 2-pack with filters included, it outperforms basic drawer liners. While competitors may offer cheaper single units, this kit provides immediate value for multi-drawer fridges, justifying the cost through tangible waste reduction over time.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Easy setup, effective ethylene absorption, durable construction, and significant freshness extension (verified by user reports). Weaknesses: Lacks a filter replacement indicator, requiring manual tracking, and the flat design may limit airflow in overcrowded drawers compared to 3D alternatives.
Bottom Line: An excellent entry-point solution for reducing food waste; ideal for households with standard crisper drawers seeking affordable, effective freshness without advanced features. Highly recommended for beginners.
2. OXO Greensaver Crisper Insert 1-Pack
Overview: A compact, single-unit insert focused solely on prolonging vegetable and fruit viability through ethylene gas management. It suits users needing a straightforward, BPA-free freshness booster for one crisper drawer.
What Makes It Stand Out: Its simplicity is key—mounting requires no tools, and the enhanced carbon filter efficiently neutralizes ripening gases. The BPA-free plastic ensures safety, while the low-profile design fits seamlessly without sacrificing drawer space.
Value for Money: As a budget-friendly single insert, it’s cost-effective for targeted use. However, it lacks the multi-drawer value of 2-packs, making it less economical for larger fridges. Filter replacement costs add up over time, slightly diminishing long-term savings.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Effortless installation, non-toxic materials, proven freshness results, and space-efficient. Weaknesses: No airflow optimization for crowded drawers, no date tracker for filter changes, and the basic design offers fewer innovations than newer OXO models.
Bottom Line: A reliable, no-frills option for single-drawer freshness; best for small households or renters. Worthwhile if you need minimal intervention, but skip if advanced features matter.
3. OXO Good Grips GreenSaver Standing Crisper Drawer Insert - 1 Pack
Overview: This innovative standing insert elevates freshness tech with a pyramid-shaped design, optimizing airflow and ethylene absorption in cramped crisper environments. It’s engineered for maximum efficacy even when drawers are full.
What Makes It Stand Out: The 360° perforated structure ensures omnidirectional airflow, while the pyramid shape prevents produce from blocking filters. A standout date indicator simplifies filter replacement scheduling, and the 90-day filter lifespan enhances user convenience significantly.
Value for Money: Priced higher than flat inserts, it delivers premium value through superior engineering. The standing design outperforms basic models in real-world crowded conditions, justifying the cost for frequent grocery shoppers aiming to minimize waste.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Unmatched airflow, intuitive date tracker, space-saving vertical profile, and consistent freshness extension. Weaknesses: Slightly taller profile may not fit all drawers, and the 1-pack format increases cost for multi-drawer setups.
Bottom Line: The top choice for efficacy in packed drawers; ideal for serious home chefs. Despite the premium price, its performance warrants investment for long-term savings on produce.
4. OXO GreenSaver Produce Keeper Mounted Crisper Drawer Insert with Suction Cups (2 Pack)
Overview: This 2-pack features suction-mounted inserts that attach directly to crisper drawer walls, offering flexible placement to maximize usable space while targeting ethylene gas. It’s designed for adaptability across fridge layouts.
What Makes It Stand Out: Suction cups enable tool-free, repositionable installation—perfect for non-standard drawers. The mounts free up floor space for bulkier items, and the 90-day replaceable filters maintain consistent performance without frequent maintenance.
Value for Money: Excellent value as a 2-pack with versatile mounting. Competes well against fixed inserts by solving spatial constraints, though suction durability over time may require reapplication. Overall, it’s cost-efficient for optimizing awkward drawer configurations.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Adaptable suction mounting, space-efficient vertical storage, effective gas absorption, and multi-drawer coverage. Weaknesses: Suction may weaken in humid conditions, filters lack visual indicators, and mounting requires smooth drawer surfaces.
Bottom Line: A smart solution for non-standard fridges or space optimization; highly recommended for users struggling with drawer layout limitations. Prioritize if flexibility outweighs ultra-premium features.
5. HECASA 240337103 240337102 Refrigerator Crisper Drawer Pan Replacement For 240337105 240337107 240337108 240337109 Refrigerator Pan Shelf Replacement only Plastic (Clear)
Overview: A direct OEM replacement crisper pan for specific Whirlpool/KitchenAid models, crafted as a functional plastic shelf without freshness-tech enhancements. It addresses broken or worn-out drawers in compatible units.
What Makes It Stand Out: Precision fit for listed part numbers (e.g., 240337103, AP2115849) ensures hassle-free replacement. Made from durable, food-grade clear plastic, it prioritizes reliability over innovation, serving purely as a structural component.
Value for Money: Extremely cost-effective as a utilitarian fix—far cheaper than OEM parts from manufacturers. However, it lacks ethylene-absorbing features, so value is purely functional. Ideal for budget repairs but offers no added freshness benefits.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Exact model compatibility, sturdy construction, tool-free installation, and affordable. Weaknesses: Zero spoilage-prevention tech, no filter system, and requires meticulous part-number verification to avoid mismatched purchases.
Bottom Line: A necessary, no-nonsense replacement for broken drawers in compatible fridges; essential if your pan is damaged, but skip if you seek freshness enhancement—pair with an OXO insert instead.
6. 2188656 Crisper Bin, compatible with Whirlpool Refrigerator,Fridge Drawers,Kenmore Refrigerator Parts,Whirlpool Shelf Replacement- WP2188656,2188656 Fridge Crisper Drawer (Upper)
Overview:
This replacement crisper bin (part WP2188656) targets Whirlpool, Kenmore, and compatible refrigerator owners needing an upper drawer fix. Made from durable materials, it’s engineered as an OEM-equivalent solution for spoiled or broken bins, emphasizing precise fitment for specific models.
What Makes It Stand Out:
Its standout feature is rigorous compatibility verification—requiring users to check their fridge’s model number before purchasing to avoid mismatches. The 1-year warranty adds confidence, while dimensions (16.5" front length, 14.875" depth) ensure OEM-level accuracy. Humidity control functionality preserves produce freshness, a critical upgrade over generic bins.
Value for Money:
Priced competitively against OEM parts, it eliminates costly service calls. Though not universal, its exact fit for listed models (e.g., Whirlpool WRS325 series) justifies the cost, especially with the warranty backing longevity. Cheaper alternatives risk poor fitment, making this a smarter long-term investment.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths: Premium durability, humidity control, comprehensive compatibility guide, and warranty. Weaknesses: Strict model-specific fit (no universal use), requires manual verification, and lacks installation hardware. Users must confirm part numbers like 2174108A or AP6006055 match their model.
Bottom Line:
A reliable, warranty-backed solution for Whirlpool/Kenmore owners with compatible models. Prioritize checking your fridge’s part list—but if it fits, this bin delivers exceptional value and freshness preservation.
7. Upgraded 240337103 Refrigerator Crisper Drawers Bins Suitable For Frigidaire Kenmore Refrigerator,240337103 Crisper Bin Drawer Replacement Drawer Parts AP2115741, 240337100, Food-grade Materials
Overview:
This Frigidaire/Kenmore replacement crisper drawer (part 240337103) offers a direct swap for broken bins in models like FFTR18 or Kenmore 2537 series. Crafted from food-grade plastic, it focuses on safety, precise dimensions (11.6" width, 17" depth), and seamless integration.
What Makes It Stand Out:
Food-safe ABS material eliminates chemical leaching risks, while exact OEM dimensions guarantee smooth sliding operation. Compatibility spans Frigidaire, Kenmore, and Crosley lines (e.g., BRT18H, CRT18 series), and rigorous pre-shipment testing ensures no “trial-and-error” fitting.
Value for Money:
It undercuts appliance-brand parts by 20–30% while matching OEM quality. The focus on food safety and durability justifies the price, especially since mismatched bins often warp or crack. For Frigidaire owners, it’s a cost-effective fix versus full-service repairs.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths: Non-toxic materials, perfect fit for listed models, easy installation, and robust construction. Weaknesses: Narrow compatibility (excludes models like 240343803), no humidity controls, and requires model-specific validation via part numbers (e.g., AP2115741).
Bottom Line:
An excellent, health-conscious choice for Frigidaire/Kenmore users with compatible models. Verify your part number first—but if confirmed, it’s a durable, affordable upgrade that outperforms flimsy alternatives.
8. HECASA 2188664 Crisper Pan Drawer (Lower) Replacement for WP2188664 Compatible with Whirlpool, Kenmore, Maytag, Kitchen Aid Refrigerator W/White Handle
Overview:
This lower crisper pan (WP2188664) replaces worn bins in Whirlpool, Maytag, and KitchenAid fridges. Designed for heavy-duty vegetable storage, it features a white handle and durable plastic construction but excludes installation hardware.
What Makes It Stand Out:
Its broad compatibility covers 20+ part numbers (e.g., 2173385, WP2188664) across Whirlpool, Kenmore, and Maytag lines. The opaque, sturdy plastic resists cracking under weight—ideal for root vegetables—while the lower-bin-specific design prevents confusion with upper drawers like 2188656.
Value for Money:
Saves $15–$25 versus OEM parts without sacrificing fit. Though basic, its resilience justifies the cost for budget-conscious users, especially since mismatched bins often fail within months. Note: No warranty, so precise model matching is essential.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths: Wide model coverage, robust for heavy loads, simple drop-in replacement. Weaknesses: No humidity controls, lacks warranty, and risks incompatibility if users skip model verification (critical for lower-bin models like WRS322FDA).
Bottom Line:
A functional, no-frills solution for lower-bin replacements. Confirm your model against the exhaustive part list—but if compatible, it’s a practical, economical fix for everyday use.
9. [2 PACK]UPGRADED 2188656 (Upper) Refrigerator Crisper Bin & 2188664 (Lower) Fridge Crisper Drawer Replacement Compatible with Kenmore Whirlpool Refrigerator Drawers Parts with Humidity Control
![[2 PACK]UPGRADED 2188656 (Upper) Refrigerator Crisper Bin & 2188664 (Lower) Fridge Crisper Drawer Replacement Compatible with Kenmore Whirlpool Refrigerator Drawers Parts with Humidity Control](https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/21ykDz9u10L._SL160_.jpg)
Overview:
This 2-pack set includes both upper (2188656) and lower (2188664) crisper drawers for Whirlpool/Kenmore side-by-side fridges. Upgraded with humidity control and ABS materials, it targets users replacing both bins simultaneously.
What Makes It Stand Out:
Humidity sliders on the upper bin extend produce life, while reinforced ABS construction exceeds OEM durability. The bundle covers critical part numbers (e.g., WP2188656, WP2188664) and fits models like WRS325FDAM04. Dimensions are meticulously listed to prevent fitment errors.
Value for Money:
Priced 15% below buying bins separately, the set includes a 1-year warranty—a rarity for replacements. For dual-bin replacements, it’s vastly cheaper than dealer parts, with upgraded materials reducing future replacement needs.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths: Humidity control, premium ABS, comprehensive compatibility (10+ brands), warranty. Weaknesses: Upper/lower bins sold only as a pair (no single options), requires exact model validation, and no installation guide.
Bottom Line:
The best-value solution for Whirlpool/Kenmore owners needing both bins. Humidity control and robust materials make this bundle a future-proof investment—just verify your model first.
10. [2 PACK] UPGRADED 240337103 Crisper Drawer Compatible With Frigidaire Drawer Replacement 2403371 kenmore Refrigerator Drawers Frigidaire Crisper Drawer Replacement AP2115741 240337102 Crisper Bins
![[2 PACK] UPGRADED 240337103 Crisper Drawer Compatible With Frigidaire Drawer Replacement 2403371 kenmore Refrigerator Drawers Frigidaire Crisper Drawer Replacement AP2115741 240337102 Crisper Bins](https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31fp7F3Oh7L._SL160_.jpg)
Overview:
This 2-pack of Frigidaire-compatible crisper drawers (part 240337103) replaces bins in Kenmore 2537 or Frigidaire FFTR18 series fridges. Made from food-grade ABS, it emphasizes eco-friendly materials and exact OEM replication.
What Makes It Stand Out:
Upgraded ABS is thicker and more crack-resistant than stock bins, with non-toxic certification for food safety. The bundle includes detailed model cross-references (e.g., FFTR1814TWB) and precise dimensions (11.625" width), ensuring zero guesswork for 50+ compatible models.
Value for Money:
At a slight premium over single bins, the pair offers 25% savings versus OEM sets. The focus on durability prevents repeat purchases, and strict fitment testing eliminates return hassles—ideal for users avoiding service fees.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths: Food-safe materials, flawless fit for listed models, easy cleaning, and model-specific validation guides. Weaknesses: Excludes newer models (e.g., 240343803), no humidity features, and requires size verification for older units.
Bottom Line:
A top-tier choice for Frigidaire/Kenmore owners needing dual-bin replacement. Prioritize checking your model number—but if matched, these drawers deliver unmatched safety and longevity.
Understanding Crisper Drawer Fundamentals
How Standard Drawers Fail at Freshness Preservation
Most factory-installed crisper drawers lack nuanced airflow management, leading to moisture pooling or excessive dryness. Without targeted humidity zones, ethylene-producing fruits (like apples) can accelerate spoilage in nearby leafy greens. This one-size-fits-all approach ignores the fact that broccoli thrives in high humidity while mushrooms prefer drier conditions—a mismatch that turns potential meal prep heroes into compost candidates.
The Science Behind Ethylene and Humidity Control
Ethylene gas, naturally emitted by certain produce, acts as a ripening hormone that can dramatically shorten shelf life. Effective crisper systems either absorb this gas or create separation between ethylene-sensitive and ethylene-producing items. Humidity control is equally critical: high-moisture settings prevent leafy greens from wilting by slowing transpiration, while low-humidity environments keep porous produce like cucumbers from becoming soggy. Inserts enhance these processes through engineered ventilation.
Key Features to Evaluate Before Buying
Moisture Management Mechanisms
Look for inserts with adjustable vents or built-in absorbent layers that actively regulate condensation. Some use hydrophilic materials to wick away excess water, while others feature raised grids that elevate produce above pooled moisture. Avoid designs with sealed bases that trap humidity—this creates a damp environment where mold spreads rapidly. The best solutions balance evaporation with retention to mimic ideal storage conditions.
Size and Adaptability for Your Fridge Model
Measure your drawer dimensions including height clearance before selecting inserts. Many models require specific heights to accommodate drawer closure, and universal-fit claims often overlook variations in slide mechanisms. Prioritize modular designs with stackable or dividable compartments—this lets you reconfigure spaces for bulky items like cauliflower or long-stemmed herbs without wasting unused volume.
Compatibility with Existing Humidity Controls
Your fridge’s built-in sliders (usually marked “crisp” or “fresh”) adjust internal humidity by controlling airflow. Verify that inserts won’t obstruct these mechanisms. Top-tier options integrate seamlessly, using their own vents to amplify the drawer’s native settings rather than fighting them. If your fridge lacks humidity controls, seek inserts with independent adjustable vents for customized microclimates.
Ease of Cleaning and Maintenance
Sticky residue and mildew hide in crevices, so avoid inserts with complex nooks or glued seams. Smooth, seamless surfaces and dishwasher-safe materials (check manufacturer guidelines) save hours of scrubbing. Removable dividers or trays also simplify deep cleaning—critical for preventing cross-contamination between produce types.
Material Matters: What Holds Up Over Time
Food-Grade Plastic Versus Sustainable Alternatives
BPA-free plastics dominate the market for affordability and light weight, but scrutinize opacity—thicker, less transparent materials resist warping from temperature shifts. Eco-conscious options include bamboo fiber composites or recycled ocean plastics, which offer rigidity without off-gassing concerns. Avoid flimsy, thin plastics that crack when loaded with dense root vegetables.
The Durability Factor in Temperature Swings
Fridge interiors cycle between 32°F and 40°F daily, causing materials to expand and contract. Quality inserts withstand this stress without cracking or losing shape. Test flexibility by gently bending a corner—if it snaps back without creasing, it’s likely resilient. Metal inserts (like stainless steel) resist warping but may cause condensation on cold surfaces, potentially dampening produce.
Non-Toxic Certification Essentials
Always confirm inserts carry FDA food-contact compliance or EU equivalent certifications. Steer clear of products labeled “food-safe” without third-party verification—this vague term isn’t regulated. Phthalate-free and lead-free assurances are non-negotiable, especially for items storing items eaten raw.
Design Elements That Boost Functionality
Ventilation Patterns and Airflow Optimization
Strategic vent placement—not just quantity—makes the difference. Look for asymmetrical vent layouts that encourage cross-airflow (e.g., vents along one side and the base) rather than stagnant pockets. Laser-cut micro-perforations outperform large holes, which cause rapid moisture loss. Some designs incorporate chimney-like channels to draw humid air upward, preventing surface dampness.
Compartmentalization Strategies for Produce Separation
Dedicated zones for ethylene producers (apples, avocados) versus sensitive items (leafy greens, berries) prevent premature spoilage. Opt for inserts with removable dividers that create variable-sized sections—this accommodates everything from a single head of lettuce to multiple herb bunches. Deep compartments (>3 inches) work best for root vegetables, while shallow trays suit delicate berries.
Visibility and Accessibility Features
Clear materials let you spot wilting without rummaging, reducing unnecessary drawer openings that disrupt temperature stability. Textured grips on pull-tabs prevent slippage when hands are wet, and low-profile edges ensure smooth drawer gliding. Avoid opaque inserts that force you to lift contents to check lower layers—a major freshness killer.
Maintenance and Care for Longevity
Preventing Mold and Odor Buildup
Weekly wiping with a vinegar-water solution (1:1 ratio) neutralizes odors and inhibits mold spores. Never store washed produce directly in inserts—pat items dry first to avoid introducing excess moisture. For stubborn mildew, sprinkle baking soda inside, let it sit for 15 minutes, then scrub gently with a soft brush.
Washing Techniques to Avoid Warping
Hand-washing in lukewarm water preserves structural integrity better than dishwasher cycles. If using a dishwasher, place inserts on the top rack away from heating elements. Never soak plastic inserts for extended periods—this accelerates degradation. Dry completely upright before reinserting to prevent trapped moisture.
Storage Solutions During Deep Cleaning
When drawers are out for cleaning, store produce in breathable cotton bags on a fridge shelf. Avoid sealing items in airtight containers during this period, as reduced airflow speeds spoilage. Use the downtime to wipe the empty drawer channel with a microfiber cloth to remove dust that hinders smooth operation.
Optimizing Your Setup for Healthy Meal Prep
Grouping Produce by Ethylene Sensitivity
Create “high-risk” zones for ethylene emitters (tomatoes, pears) using separate enclosed compartments, while keeping ethylene-sensitive items (asparagus, broccoli) in ventilated sections. Some inserts include activated charcoal pads that absorb ethylene gas—position these near apples or bananas for maximum impact.
Seasonal Adjustments for Peak Performance
In humid summer months, reduce moisture retention by opening all vents and adding paper towels under leafy greens. During dry winter heating seasons, partially close vents and mist herbs lightly before storing. Root vegetables like beets last longer when wrapped in damp cloths within high-humidity compartments.
Integrating Inserts with Meal Planning Routines
Place frequently used items (daily salad greens, snack carrots) in the most accessible front sections. Reserve back compartments for bulk staples like potatoes or onions. Align insert layouts with your cooking schedule—e.g., keep garlic and ginger in a dedicated spice drawer section to avoid flavor transfer to delicate produce.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Addressing Persistent Condensation Problems
If water pools despite using inserts, check if your fridge is level—uneven surfaces cause drainage issues. Ensure vents aren’t blocked by overpacking. For chronic moisture, add a silica gel packet (food-safe type) in a mesh bag to absorb excess humidity without direct contact with produce.
Fixing Drawer Closure Difficulties
Overstuffing is the usual culprit when inserts prevent full closure. Reduce load volume by 20% or switch to lower-profile designs. If the insert rubs against drawer sides, sand minor protrusions with fine-grit paper. Never force drawers shut—that damages tracks and compresses produce.
Correcting Uneven Ripening Patterns
When some items ripen too fast while others stall, reposition ethylene producers away from sensitive crops. Rotate produce weekly to expose all sides to consistent airflow. If bananas are browning prematurely, wrap their stems in plastic wrap to slow gas emission before placing them in a dedicated compartment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can crisper drawer inserts replace my fridge’s humidity controls?
No—they’re designed to enhance existing systems, not bypass them. Inserts work with your humidity sliders by optimizing airflow within compartments. If your fridge lacks these controls, choose inserts with independent adjustable vents for similar functionality.
How often should I replace my crisper drawer inserts?
Inspect annually for cracks, warping, or persistent odors. Most quality inserts last 3-5 years with proper care. Replace immediately if you notice mold that won’t clean off, as porous materials can harbor hidden spores.
Do these inserts work for non-produce items like herbs or cheese?
Yes, but with adjustments. Store cut herbs upright in water-filled compartments (like a vase), and wrap cheese in breathable paper before placing it in low-humidity zones. Avoid storing strong-smelling items like onions near dairy to prevent flavor transfer.
Can I use inserts in freezer drawers?
Generally not—freezer environments require different materials to withstand extreme cold without becoming brittle. Look for freezer-specific organizers made from thicker, flexible plastics designed for sub-zero temperatures.
Will inserts help extend the life of pre-washed bagged salads?
Marginally—they can’t reverse compromised packaging, but storing the sealed bag inside an insert with closed vents maintains stable humidity. For best results, transfer contents to a container with a paper towel to absorb excess moisture.
Are metal inserts better than plastic for temperature retention?
Not necessarily. While metal conducts cold efficiently, it can create localized frost pockets that damage delicate produce. Plastic maintains more consistent microclimates, and modern composites offer excellent thermal stability without condensation risks.
How do I prevent cross-contamination between meat and produce drawers?
Never store raw meat above produce drawers—dripping juices cause contamination. If using inserts in meat compartments, choose dishwasher-safe, non-porous models and sanitize them weekly. Always keep meat and produce storage areas physically separate.
Do crisper inserts reduce electricity usage?
Indirectly yes. By maintaining stable internal temperatures through better airflow, your fridge compressor runs less frequently. Well-organized drawers also minimize door-open time when searching for items—a significant energy drain.
Can I cut inserts to fit oddly shaped drawers?
Only if the manufacturer specifies it’s safe. DIY cutting often compromises structural integrity and vent alignment. Instead, seek modular systems with adjustable components or custom-fit services from specialty retailers.
Are there inserts specifically for wine storage in fridge drawers?
Standard produce inserts aren’t suitable—wine requires consistent 55°F temperatures and horizontal bottle positioning. Dedicated wine fridge inserts use slotted wood or acrylic to cradle bottles, but these won’t benefit produce preservation.